Chapter 7

 

Chapter 7: Computer

Draw the block diagram of a Computer and write the functions of each block. (4 Marks)

• Input Unit: Used to enter data and instructions into the computer (e.g., Keyboard, Mouse).

• CPU (Central Processing Unit): The "brain" of the computer. It comprises:

  • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.

  • Control Unit (CU): Directs and coordinates all computer operations.

  • Memory Unit (MU): Stores data and instructions.

• Output Unit: Displays the processed information (e.g., Monitor, Printer).

Compare RAM and ROM. (3 Marks)

• RAM: Random Access Memory. It is volatile; data is lost when the power is turned off. Used for temporary storage.

• ROM: Read-Only Memory. It is non-volatile; data remains even after the power is off. Used to store permanent instructions like the BIOS.

Write a short note on Microcontroller with examples. (3 Marks)

• Definition: A microcontroller is an integrated circuit (IC) that contains a processor (CPU), memory (RAM/ROM), and I/O ports on a single chip.

• Purpose: It is designed to perform specific control tasks.

• Examples: 8051, ATmega328 (Arduino), and PIC series.

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